Episode

EP 89 — Cybereason: Molerats in the Cloud

06 April 2021 Official episode · Official transcript

research

The episode features Cybereason CEO Lior Div and threat researcher Assaf Dahan discussing Unit 8200, cyber operations, Cybereason’s Malop detection approach, and the investigation of the Molerats threat actor and its Spark, SharpStage, and DropBook malware.

Topics: Malicious-operation and behavior-centric detection, Endpoint detection, prevention, and response, Real-time in-memory graph processing, Threat intelligence and malware reverse-engineering, Phishing with executable decoy documents, Command and control through social-media accounts, Cloud-service abuse for malware hosting and data exfiltration, Sandbox evasion through language checks, Lateral movement and persistence, Cyber espionage and attribution

Official episode-page sources

Links published on the Darknet Diaries episode page. Not LLM output.

Entities (39)

Claims (28)

Qualified statements from this episode, not graph facts.

Lior Div MEMBER_OF Unit 8200

Lior says he was assigned to and served in Unit 8200 for six years.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Jack Rhysider EP 89 Details

“Lior was assigned to work in Unit 8200.”

Jack Rhysider · offsets 2590–2629

“After six years in the army, I went to the university.”

Lior Div · offsets 6136–6190

Lior Div MEMBER_OF Cybereason

Lior identifies himself as the CEO and co-founder of Cybereason.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Lior Div EP 89 Details

“I’m Lior Div, the CEO and co-founder of Cybereason.”

Lior Div · offsets 1417–1468

Nocturnus PART_OF Cybereason

Nocturnus is described as a team inside Cybereason.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Jack Rhysider EP 89 Details

“There’s this team inside Cybereason which is called Nocturnus.”

Jack Rhysider · offsets 25438–25500

Assaf Dahan MEMBER_OF Nocturnus

Assaf says he heads the Nocturnus Threat Research Team at Cybereason.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Assaf Dahan EP 89 Details

“I am heading the Nocturnus Threat Research Team at Cybereason.”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 25361–25423

Malop DEVELOPED_BY Cybereason

Lior says Cybereason invented the Malop, or malicious operation, approach.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Lior Div EP 89 Details

“Basically, we invented the new method and the method is operation-centric. We call it the Malop, the malicious operation approach.”

Lior Div · offsets 15318–15448

in-memory graph processing DEVELOPED_BY Cybereason

Lior describes in-memory graph processing as the technology built as the secret behind Cybereason.

Explicit Confidence 98% · Lior Div EP 89 Details

“This is a in-memory graph processing technology, that this is kind of the secrets behind Cybereason.”

Lior Div · offsets 17076–17176

Cybereason USES behavioral detection

Cybereason's detection approach looks for malicious indicators of behavior rather than only known compromise indicators.

Explicit Confidence 98% · Assaf Dahan EP 89 Details

“we started looking for malicious indicators of behavior which are signs that a malicious actor is conducting their operation.”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 26400–26515

“mostly behavior – is based on behavioral detection.”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 47122–47173

Stuxnet TARGETS Iran

Jack describes Stuxnet as attacking an Iranian nuclear enrichment facility.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Jack Rhysider EP 89 Details

“this was an attack on an Iranian nuclear enrichment facility in order to thwart their enrichment process.”

Jack Rhysider · offsets 11925–12030

Stuxnet TARGETS Iran

The Stuxnet attack is described as targeting Iran's nuclear enrichment facility.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Jack Rhysider EP 89 Details

“this was an attack on an Iranian nuclear enrichment facility”

Jack Rhysider · offsets 11925–11985

Stuxnet ATTRIBUTED_TO Israel

Jack says circumstantial evidence indicates that Israel, along with the United States, was behind Stuxnet; the attribution is not presented as certain.

Uncertain Confidence 75% · Jack Rhysider EP 89 Details

“the circumstantial evidence shows that the US and Israel were behind this attack.”

Jack Rhysider · offsets 12413–12494

Molerats TARGETS Palestinian Authority

Assaf says the group targeted political figures within the Palestinian Authority.

Explicit Confidence 98% · Assaf Dahan EP 89 Details

“they targeted political figures within the Palestinian authority”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 28662–28726

Molerats TARGETS Fatah

Assaf says the targeted Palestinian Authority figures were associated with Fatah, and that the group targets political figures and entities in the region.

Explicit Confidence 96% · Assaf Dahan EP 89 Details

“political figures within the Palestinian authority that associated with Fatah”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 28676–28753

Molerats TARGETS Palestine

The episode describes Molerats as mostly targeting people in Palestine and Israel, including political figures.

Explicit Confidence 96% · Jack Rhysider EP 89 Details

“They have mostly targeted people in Palestine and Israel”

Jack Rhysider · offsets 43651–43707

Molerats USES phishing

Molerats' campaigns are described as sending targeted phishing emails and documents to victims.

Derived Confidence 97% · Assaf Dahan EP 89 Details

“the operators sent a phishing PDF to their victims.”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 33228–33279

“specific individuals were sent these phishing e-mails”

Jack Rhysider · offsets 40192–40245

Spark ATTRIBUTED_TO Molerats

Assaf assesses with moderate to high confidence that Molerats was likely behind the campaign in which Spark was discovered; attribution is hedged.

Uncertain Confidence 82% · Assaf Dahan EP 89 Details

“you can say that with, I don’t know, moderate to high confidence that it’s likely Molerats who is behind it.”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 45041–45149

Spark USES Data exfiltration

Spark can be used to steal and harvest information from a victim endpoint.

Explicit Confidence 96% · Assaf Dahan EP 89 Details

“They can run different commands, they can use it to steal information”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 31164–31233

“basically harvest any information.”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 31390–31424

SharpStage USES Dropbox

SharpStage implements a Dropbox client to exfiltrate information.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Assaf Dahan EP 89 Details

“the exfiltration method is using a Dropbox client”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 34353–34402

SharpStage USES Data exfiltration

SharpStage uses Dropbox as its method for exfiltrating data.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Assaf Dahan EP 89 Details

“the exfiltration method is using a Dropbox client”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 34353–34402

SharpStage USES sandbox evasion

SharpStage checks whether Arabic is installed and will not run without it, which Assaf describes as a way to avoid sandboxes.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Assaf Dahan EP 89 Details

“it’s also a clever way to avoid most sandboxes”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 35206–35252

DropBook USES Dropbox

DropBook exfiltrates data through Dropbox.

Explicit Confidence 97% · Jack Rhysider EP 89 Details

“it exfiltrates that data through Dropbox.”

Jack Rhysider · offsets 35876–35917

DropBook USES Facebook

DropBook uses fake Facebook accounts to receive commands through posts.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Assaf Dahan EP 89 Details

“They actually used a Facebook fake account”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 36542–36584

“they actually implemented a C2 communication channel using Facebook fake accounts”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 37333–37414

DropBook USES Command and control

DropBook implements a command-and-control channel using fake Facebook accounts.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Assaf Dahan EP 89 Details

“they actually implemented a C2 communication channel using Facebook fake accounts”

Assaf Dahan · offsets 37333–37414

DropBook USES Data exfiltration

DropBook is described as exfiltrating victim data through Dropbox.

Derived Confidence 95% · Jack Rhysider EP 89 Details

“it exfiltrates that data through Dropbox.”

Jack Rhysider · offsets 35876–35917

Molerats SAME_AS Gaza Cyber Gang

Jack reports that FireEye calls the group Molerats while Kaspersky calls the same group the Gaza Cyber Gang.

Attributed Confidence 93% · Jack Rhysider EP 89 Details

“FireEye calls this group Molerats but Kaspersky calls this same group the Gaza Cyber Gang.”

Jack Rhysider · offsets 42723–42813

Molerats ASSOCIATED_WITH Hamas

Jack's research leads him to conclude that Molerats is somehow allied with Hamas, but he explicitly says the connection is uncertain.

Uncertain Confidence 72% · Jack Rhysider EP 89 Details

“my conclusion is that Molerats is somehow allied with Hamas.”

Jack Rhysider · offsets 44146–44206

“I’m not sure to what degree Molerats might be connected with Hamas, if at all.”

Jack Rhysider · offsets 44604–44682

Molerats TARGETS Fatah

Jack says reports show Molerats targeting Fatah but not members of Hamas.

Attributed Confidence 91% · Jack Rhysider EP 89 Details

“they do target Fatah.”

Jack Rhysider · offsets 43896–43917

Cybereason USES endpoint detection and response

Cybereason operates in the endpoint detection and response space and deploys sensors on endpoints to detect and prevent malicious activity.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Lior Div EP 89 Details

“Today, Cybereason is operating in the EPP world; EDR, XDR, and NDR.”

Lior Div · offsets 47740–47807

“it started by deploying the sensor on every endpoint that the company has.”

Lior Div · offsets 48795–48869

Cybereason USES in-memory graph processing

Cybereason collects endpoint data and analyzes it in real time using graph processing.

Explicit Confidence 99% · Lior Div EP 89 Details

“over there we’re running the graph processing in real time.”

Lior Div · offsets 49287–49346

Transcript references

Works mentioned in the transcript. Distinct from show-note sources.

Extraction provenance

Model gpt-5.6-luna · prompt 1.5.19 · schema 1.5.19 · 2026-09-13T06:58:47.335543+00:00